Seine_04: Running open-loop influenced flow semi-distributed model network

library(airGRiwrm)
#> Loading required package: airGR
#> 
#> Attaching package: 'airGRiwrm'
#> The following objects are masked from 'package:airGR':
#> 
#>     Calibration, CreateCalibOptions, CreateInputsCrit,
#>     CreateInputsModel, CreateRunOptions, RunModel

Integration of the reservoir connections into the model

The aim of this vignette is to add reservoir connections to the Seine River model previously set up. A complete description of the reservoir system of the Seine River can be found in Dehay (2012)

Add connections to the reservoirs in the gauging station network

Because of the airGR SD model structure, the topology of the network will differ between the physical one and the modeled one. In the following, we provide details for each of the 4 lakes, and then we present the complete SD network.

First, the physical topology of the Aube lake is represented below:

In the SD model, we do not simulate intermediate flows as well as the reservoir in the catchment. As a result, an equivalent topology compatible with airGR will be the one below:

AUBE_P2 will propagate negative flows downstream (reservoir inflows) while AUBE_R3 will propagate positive flows downstream (reservoir releases).

The configuration on the lake Seine is similar:

#> Warning in utils::download.file(link, file.dest, quiet = TRUE, mode = "wb"):
#> cannot open URL
#> 'https://mermaid.ink/img/pako:eNqrVkrOT0lVslKKyUsvSizIUPAJislTUHByDNINjjcwU9DVtasxy86tUQh29fRzjQ8wB8nC2GBZYyOEdJAFujSEowEmNeGScAkUHUEWYANNDPXMQUb6ugZF6sYbGYEUFJdU5qQiDE7LzMmxUk5LTkaXAxqBSw4qkZycFpOnpKOUm1qUm5iZomRVrVSSkZoLCoKU1LTE0pwSpdpaAN4PU1k?type=png':
#> HTTP status was '503 Service Unavailable'
#> Warning in plot.mermaid("\ngraph LR\n  BAR-S_06 -->|6km| SEINE_P7\n  SEINE_P7 -->|32km| SEINE_R8\n  SEINE_P7 --> SEINE(SEINE)\n  SEINE--> SEINE_R8\n  SEINE_R8 -->|41.7km| MERY-_22\n  style SEINE_P7 fill:#fcc\n  style SEINE_R8 fill:#fcc\n  style SEINE fill:#ccf\n"): Mermaid diagram generation failed with error:
#> cannot open URL 'https://mermaid.ink/img/pako:eNqrVkrOT0lVslKKyUsvSizIUPAJislTUHByDNINjjcwU9DVtasxy86tUQh29fRzjQ8wB8nC2GBZYyOEdJAFujSEowEmNeGScAkUHUEWYANNDPXMQUb6ugZF6sYbGYEUFJdU5qQiDE7LzMmxUk5LTkaXAxqBSw4qkZycFpOnpKOUm1qUm5iZomRVrVSSkZoLCoKU1LTE0pwSpdpaAN4PU1k?type=png'

which can be translated as:

The Pannecière lake is an inline reservoir:

#> Warning in utils::download.file(link, file.dest, quiet = TRUE, mode = "wb"):
#> cannot open URL
#> 'https://mermaid.ink/img/pako:eNqrVkrOT0lVslKKyUsvSizIUPAJiskL0Ahw9PNzdfZ0DXLVjMlz9nAM9Y03MFfQ1bWrMcjOrVEIAKoB8RRqDE2NQQLuoUHukfEGRjF5xSWVOakKAQppmTk5VsrJyWkxeUo6SrmpRbmJmSlKVtVKJRmpuSALU1LTEktzSpRqawGXySnl?type=png':
#> HTTP status was '503 Service Unavailable'
#> Warning in plot.mermaid("\ngraph LR\nP(PANNECIERE)\nCHAUM_07 -->|0km| P\nP --> |153km| GURGY_02\nstyle P fill:#ccf\n"): Mermaid diagram generation failed with error:
#> cannot open URL 'https://mermaid.ink/img/pako:eNqrVkrOT0lVslKKyUsvSizIUPAJiskL0Ahw9PNzdfZ0DXLVjMlz9nAM9Y03MFfQ1bWrMcjOrVEIAKoB8RRqDE2NQQLuoUHukfEGRjF5xSWVOakKAQppmTk5VsrJyWkxeUo6SrmpRbmJmSlKVtVKJRmpuSALU1LTEktzSpRqawGXySnl?type=png'

We can keep the same structure to model it. PANNEC_R corresponds to the flow released by the Pannecière lake, it is acting as an upstream node which means that the flow simulated at CHAUM_07 is no longer routed to downstream.

The Marne lake can be mapped as:

#> Warning in utils::download.file(link, file.dest, quiet = TRUE, mode = "wb"):
#> cannot open URL
#> 'https://mermaid.ink/img/pako:eNqrVkrOT0lVslKKyUsvSizIUPAJisnz8Q8Nc403tFTQ1bWrMdAzzc6tUfB1DPJzjQ8wsojJgzGNwfLGINngEBfPqHgDEzRJBV8NMF8TIW4BEUcTqDEy1TNDWBNkZApUAFGJEIBZAtFgoWeOrgHGBCswNdOzBClw9nD08Y83MozJKy6pzElFeEQhLTMnx0o5LTkZXcoYlxTIbEwpqFByclpMnpKOUm5qUW5iZoqSVbVSSUZqLihwU1LTEktzSpRqawGXcG-G?type=png':
#> HTTP status was '503 Service Unavailable'
#> Warning in plot.mermaid("\ngraph LR\nLOUVE_19 -->|0.5km| MARNE_P28\nMARNE_P23 -->|3km| STDIZ_04\nMARNE_P23 --> M(MARNE)\nMARNE_P28 --> M\nMARNE_P28 -->|25.6km| MARNE_R25\nM --> MARNE_R25\nSTDIZ_04 -->|28.7km| MARNE_R25\nMARNE_R25 -->|56.9km| CHALO_21\nstyle MARNE_P28 fill:#fcc\nstyle MARNE_P23 fill:#fcc\nstyle MARNE_R25 fill:#fcc\nstyle M fill:#ccf\n"): Mermaid diagram generation failed with error:
#> cannot open URL 'https://mermaid.ink/img/pako:eNqrVkrOT0lVslKKyUsvSizIUPAJisnz8Q8Nc403tFTQ1bWrMdAzzc6tUfB1DPJzjQ8wsojJgzGNwfLGINngEBfPqHgDEzRJBV8NMF8TIW4BEUcTqDEy1TNDWBNkZApUAFGJEIBZAtFgoWeOrgHGBCswNdOzBClw9nD08Y83MozJKy6pzElFeEQhLTMnx0o5LTkZXcoYlxTIbEwpqFByclpMnpKOUm5qUW5iZoqSVbVSSUZqLihwU1LTEktzSpRqawGXcG-G?type=png'

And can be modeled as:

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#> cannot open URL
#> 'https://mermaid.ink/img/pako:eNqrVkrOT0lVslKKyUsvSizIUPAJisnzdQzyc40PMDJW0NW1qzHOzq1RCA5x8YyKNzCJyfPxDw1zjTe0BMtZgCWdPRx9_OONDBE6LSCyRnqmqPIwYyDSpnpm2LQHGZmC5U3N9CxR5YtLKnNSFRCWpGXm5FgppyUno0sZ45ICmY0kpaSjlJtalJuYmaJkVa1UkpGaCwqLlNS0xNKcEqXaWgBbPVhU?type=png':
#> HTTP status was '503 Service Unavailable'
#> Warning in plot.mermaid("\ngraph LR\nMARNE_P23 -->|3km| STDIZ_04\nLOUVE_19 -->|83km| CHALO_21\nMARNE_P28 -->|82.5km| CHALO_21\nSTDIZ_04 -->|85.6km| CHALO_21\nMARNE_R25 -->|56.9km| CHALO_21\nstyle MARNE_P28 fill:#fcc\nstyle MARNE_P23 fill:#fcc\nstyle MARNE_R25 fill:#fcc\n"): Mermaid diagram generation failed with error:
#> cannot open URL 'https://mermaid.ink/img/pako:eNqrVkrOT0lVslKKyUsvSizIUPAJisnzdQzyc40PMDJW0NW1qzHOzq1RCA5x8YyKNzCJyfPxDw1zjTe0BMtZgCWdPRx9_OONDBE6LSCyRnqmqPIwYyDSpnpm2LQHGZmC5U3N9CxR5YtLKnNSFRCWpGXm5FgppyUno0sZ45ICmY0kpaSjlJtalJuYmaJkVa1UkpGaCwqLlNS0xNKcEqXaWgBbPVhU?type=png'

Hence the topological connection to the reservoirs is described in the model as below:

reservoir_connections <- read.table(
  file = system.file("seine_data", "network_reservoir_connections.txt", package = "seinebasin"),
  sep = ";", header = TRUE
)
reservoir_connections
#>          id length     down
#> 1  AUBE-_P2  66500 ARCIS_24
#> 2  AUBE-_R3  44500 ARCIS_24
#> 3 MARNE_P23   3000 STDIZ_04
#> 4 MARNE_P28  82420 CHALO_21
#> 5 MARNE_R25  56870 CHALO_21
#> 6  PANNEC_R 153074 GURGY_02
#> 7  SEINE_P7  73766 MERY-_22
#> 8  SEINE_R8  41766 MERY-_22

Reservoir connections are added to the GRiwrm object:

reservoir_connections$length <- reservoir_connections$length / 1000
reservoir_connections$model <- NA
reservoir_connections$area <- NA
load("_cache/V01.RData")
seine_nodes <- seine_nodes[, c("id_sgl", "distance_aval", "id_aval", "model", "area")]
names(seine_nodes)[1:3] <- names(reservoir_connections)[1:3]
seine_nodes2 <- rbind(seine_nodes, reservoir_connections)
# Insert PANNEC_R between CHAUM_07 and GURGY_02
seine_nodes2$down[seine_nodes2$id == "CHAUM_07"] <- "PANNEC_R"
seine_nodes2$length[seine_nodes2$id == "CHAUM_07"] <- 0
griwrm2 <- CreateGRiwrm(seine_nodes2)
plot(griwrm2)

Loading reservoir observation time series

Description of the files, the columns and the type of connection (inlet / outlet) are defined in the list below:

lCfgReservoirs <- jsonlite::read_json(system.file("seine_data", "config_reservoirs.json", package = "seinebasin"))
str(lCfgReservoirs)
#> List of 4
#>  $ Aube      :List of 2
#>   ..$ file       : chr "Obs_Aube_1987-2008.txt"
#>   ..$ connections:List of 2
#>   .. ..$ AUBE-_P2:List of 2
#>   .. .. ..$ col : chr "Q_prise_m3s"
#>   .. .. ..$ type: chr "in"
#>   .. ..$ AUBE-_R3:List of 2
#>   .. .. ..$ col : chr "Q_restitution_total_m3s"
#>   .. .. ..$ type: chr "out"
#>  $ Marne     :List of 2
#>   ..$ file       : chr "Obs_Marne_1973-2008.txt"
#>   ..$ connections:List of 3
#>   .. ..$ MARNE_P23:List of 2
#>   .. .. ..$ col : chr "Q_prise_Marne_m3s"
#>   .. .. ..$ type: chr "in"
#>   .. ..$ MARNE_P28:List of 2
#>   .. .. ..$ col : chr "Q_prise_Blaise_m3s"
#>   .. .. ..$ type: chr "in"
#>   .. ..$ MARNE_R25:List of 2
#>   .. .. ..$ col : chr "Q_restitution_total_m3s"
#>   .. .. ..$ type: chr "out"
#>  $ Panneciere:List of 2
#>   ..$ file       : chr "Obs_Panneciere_1949-2008.txt"
#>   ..$ connections:List of 1
#>   .. ..$ PANNEC_R:List of 2
#>   .. .. ..$ col : chr "Q_aval_bassin_m3s"
#>   .. .. ..$ type: chr "out"
#>  $ Seine     :List of 2
#>   ..$ file       : chr "Obs_Seine_1965-2008.txt"
#>   ..$ connections:List of 2
#>   .. ..$ SEINE_P7:List of 2
#>   .. .. ..$ col : chr "Q_prise_m3s"
#>   .. .. ..$ type: chr "in"
#>   .. ..$ SEINE_R8:List of 2
#>   .. .. ..$ col : chr "Q_restitution_total_m3s"
#>   .. .. ..$ type: chr "out"

Then, we load observation data for each reservoir and each connection:

library(seinebasin)
data(QNAT)
data(Qreservoirs)

Create the InputsModel object

InputsModel2 <- CreateInputsModel(griwrm2, DatesR, Precip, PotEvap, Qreservoirs)
#> CreateInputsModel.GRiwrm: Processing sub-basin TRANN_01...
#> CreateInputsModel.GRiwrm: Processing sub-basin STDIZ_04...
#> CreateInputsModel.GRiwrm: Processing sub-basin BAR-S_06...
#> CreateInputsModel.GRiwrm: Processing sub-basin CHAUM_07...
#> CreateInputsModel.GRiwrm: Processing sub-basin CUSSY_08...
#> CreateInputsModel.GRiwrm: Processing sub-basin STGER_09...
#> CreateInputsModel.GRiwrm: Processing sub-basin GUILL_10...
#> CreateInputsModel.GRiwrm: Processing sub-basin AISY-_11...
#> CreateInputsModel.GRiwrm: Processing sub-basin EPISY_14...
#> CreateInputsModel.GRiwrm: Processing sub-basin MONTR_18...
#> CreateInputsModel.GRiwrm: Processing sub-basin LOUVE_19...
#> CreateInputsModel.GRiwrm: Processing sub-basin LASSI_20...
#> CreateInputsModel.GRiwrm: Processing sub-basin VITRY_25...
#> CreateInputsModel.GRiwrm: Processing sub-basin GURGY_02...
#> CreateInputsModel.GRiwrm: Processing sub-basin BRIEN_03...
#> CreateInputsModel.GRiwrm: Processing sub-basin CHABL_12...
#> CreateInputsModel.GRiwrm: Processing sub-basin CHALO_21...
#> CreateInputsModel.GRiwrm: Processing sub-basin MERY-_22...
#> CreateInputsModel.GRiwrm: Processing sub-basin ARCIS_24...
#> CreateInputsModel.GRiwrm: Processing sub-basin NOGEN_13...
#> CreateInputsModel.GRiwrm: Processing sub-basin NOISI_17...
#> CreateInputsModel.GRiwrm: Processing sub-basin COURL_23...
#> CreateInputsModel.GRiwrm: Processing sub-basin MONTE_15...
#> CreateInputsModel.GRiwrm: Processing sub-basin ALFOR_16...
#> CreateInputsModel.GRiwrm: Processing sub-basin PARIS_05...

Run simulation with naturalized flow parameters

Load calibration parameters

# Load RunOptions
load("_cache/V02.RData")
# Load calibrated parameters with Michel's method
load("_cache/V03.RData")

How to handle former upstream sub-basins with upstream flows ?

A lag parameter is now mandatory for these sub-basins. As no calibration is possible at that stage an arbitrary one will be used (1 m/s).

ParamMichel$STDIZ_04 <- c(1, ParamMichel$STDIZ_04)

Run simulation

We can now run the model, using the parameters previously obtained:

RunOptions <- CreateRunOptions(
  InputsModel2,
  IndPeriod_Run = IndPeriod_Run
)
#> Warning in (function (FUN_MOD, InputsModel, IndPeriod_WarmUp = NULL, IndPeriod_Run, : model warm up period not defined: default configuration used
#>   the year preceding the run period is used
#> Warning in (function (FUN_MOD, InputsModel, IndPeriod_WarmUp = NULL, IndPeriod_Run, : model warm up period not defined: default configuration used
#>   the year preceding the run period is used
#> Warning in (function (FUN_MOD, InputsModel, IndPeriod_WarmUp = NULL, IndPeriod_Run, : model warm up period not defined: default configuration used
#>   the year preceding the run period is used
#> Warning in (function (FUN_MOD, InputsModel, IndPeriod_WarmUp = NULL, IndPeriod_Run, : model warm up period not defined: default configuration used
#>   the year preceding the run period is used
#> Warning in (function (FUN_MOD, InputsModel, IndPeriod_WarmUp = NULL, IndPeriod_Run, : model warm up period not defined: default configuration used
#>   the year preceding the run period is used
#> Warning in (function (FUN_MOD, InputsModel, IndPeriod_WarmUp = NULL, IndPeriod_Run, : model warm up period not defined: default configuration used
#>   the year preceding the run period is used
#> Warning in (function (FUN_MOD, InputsModel, IndPeriod_WarmUp = NULL, IndPeriod_Run, : model warm up period not defined: default configuration used
#>   the year preceding the run period is used
#> Warning in (function (FUN_MOD, InputsModel, IndPeriod_WarmUp = NULL, IndPeriod_Run, : model warm up period not defined: default configuration used
#>   the year preceding the run period is used
#> Warning in (function (FUN_MOD, InputsModel, IndPeriod_WarmUp = NULL, IndPeriod_Run, : model warm up period not defined: default configuration used
#>   the year preceding the run period is used
#> Warning in (function (FUN_MOD, InputsModel, IndPeriod_WarmUp = NULL, IndPeriod_Run, : model warm up period not defined: default configuration used
#>   the year preceding the run period is used
#> Warning in (function (FUN_MOD, InputsModel, IndPeriod_WarmUp = NULL, IndPeriod_Run, : model warm up period not defined: default configuration used
#>   the year preceding the run period is used
#> Warning in (function (FUN_MOD, InputsModel, IndPeriod_WarmUp = NULL, IndPeriod_Run, : model warm up period not defined: default configuration used
#>   the year preceding the run period is used
#> Warning in (function (FUN_MOD, InputsModel, IndPeriod_WarmUp = NULL, IndPeriod_Run, : model warm up period not defined: default configuration used
#>   the year preceding the run period is used
#> Warning in (function (FUN_MOD, InputsModel, IndPeriod_WarmUp = NULL, IndPeriod_Run, : model warm up period not defined: default configuration used
#>   the year preceding the run period is used
#> Warning in (function (FUN_MOD, InputsModel, IndPeriod_WarmUp = NULL, IndPeriod_Run, : model warm up period not defined: default configuration used
#>   the year preceding the run period is used
#> Warning in (function (FUN_MOD, InputsModel, IndPeriod_WarmUp = NULL, IndPeriod_Run, : model warm up period not defined: default configuration used
#>   the year preceding the run period is used
#> Warning in (function (FUN_MOD, InputsModel, IndPeriod_WarmUp = NULL, IndPeriod_Run, : model warm up period not defined: default configuration used
#>   the year preceding the run period is used
#> Warning in (function (FUN_MOD, InputsModel, IndPeriod_WarmUp = NULL, IndPeriod_Run, : model warm up period not defined: default configuration used
#>   the year preceding the run period is used
#> Warning in (function (FUN_MOD, InputsModel, IndPeriod_WarmUp = NULL, IndPeriod_Run, : model warm up period not defined: default configuration used
#>   the year preceding the run period is used
#> Warning in (function (FUN_MOD, InputsModel, IndPeriod_WarmUp = NULL, IndPeriod_Run, : model warm up period not defined: default configuration used
#>   the year preceding the run period is used
#> Warning in (function (FUN_MOD, InputsModel, IndPeriod_WarmUp = NULL, IndPeriod_Run, : model warm up period not defined: default configuration used
#>   the year preceding the run period is used
#> Warning in (function (FUN_MOD, InputsModel, IndPeriod_WarmUp = NULL, IndPeriod_Run, : model warm up period not defined: default configuration used
#>   the year preceding the run period is used
#> Warning in (function (FUN_MOD, InputsModel, IndPeriod_WarmUp = NULL, IndPeriod_Run, : model warm up period not defined: default configuration used
#>   the year preceding the run period is used
#> Warning in (function (FUN_MOD, InputsModel, IndPeriod_WarmUp = NULL, IndPeriod_Run, : model warm up period not defined: default configuration used
#>   the year preceding the run period is used
#> Warning in (function (FUN_MOD, InputsModel, IndPeriod_WarmUp = NULL, IndPeriod_Run, : model warm up period not defined: default configuration used
#>   the year preceding the run period is used
OutputsModels2 <- RunModel(
  InputsModel2,
  RunOptions = RunOptions,
  Param = ParamMichel
)
#> RunModel.GRiwrmInputsModel: Processing sub-basin TRANN_01...
#> RunModel.GRiwrmInputsModel: Processing sub-basin STDIZ_04...
#> Warning in RunModel_Lag(InputsModel, RunOptions, Param[1], OutputsModel): 139
#> time steps with negative flow, set to zero.
#> RunModel.GRiwrmInputsModel: Processing sub-basin BAR-S_06...
#> RunModel.GRiwrmInputsModel: Processing sub-basin CHAUM_07...
#> RunModel.GRiwrmInputsModel: Processing sub-basin CUSSY_08...
#> RunModel.GRiwrmInputsModel: Processing sub-basin STGER_09...
#> RunModel.GRiwrmInputsModel: Processing sub-basin GUILL_10...
#> RunModel.GRiwrmInputsModel: Processing sub-basin AISY-_11...
#> RunModel.GRiwrmInputsModel: Processing sub-basin EPISY_14...
#> RunModel.GRiwrmInputsModel: Processing sub-basin MONTR_18...
#> RunModel.GRiwrmInputsModel: Processing sub-basin LOUVE_19...
#> RunModel.GRiwrmInputsModel: Processing sub-basin LASSI_20...
#> RunModel.GRiwrmInputsModel: Processing sub-basin VITRY_25...
#> RunModel.GRiwrmInputsModel: Processing sub-basin GURGY_02...
#> RunModel.GRiwrmInputsModel: Processing sub-basin BRIEN_03...
#> RunModel.GRiwrmInputsModel: Processing sub-basin CHABL_12...
#> RunModel.GRiwrmInputsModel: Processing sub-basin CHALO_21...
#> RunModel.GRiwrmInputsModel: Processing sub-basin MERY-_22...
#> Warning in RunModel_Lag(InputsModel, RunOptions, Param[1], OutputsModel): 15
#> time steps with negative flow, set to zero.
#> RunModel.GRiwrmInputsModel: Processing sub-basin ARCIS_24...
#> RunModel.GRiwrmInputsModel: Processing sub-basin NOGEN_13...
#> RunModel.GRiwrmInputsModel: Processing sub-basin NOISI_17...
#> RunModel.GRiwrmInputsModel: Processing sub-basin COURL_23...
#> RunModel.GRiwrmInputsModel: Processing sub-basin MONTE_15...
#> RunModel.GRiwrmInputsModel: Processing sub-basin ALFOR_16...
#> RunModel.GRiwrmInputsModel: Processing sub-basin PARIS_05...

Compare modeled flows with observed flows

Load observed flows

data(QOBS)

Comparison with simulated flows

We can compare these simulated flows with influenced discharge measurements:

ReduceOutputsModel <- function(OutputsModels, IndPeriod) {
  items <- names(OutputsModels)
  OutputsModelsOut <- sapply(items, function(x) {
    OutputsModels[[x]] <- OutputsModels[[x]][IndPeriod]
  })
  OutputsModelsOut$StateEnd <- OutputsModels$StateEnd
  class(OutputsModelsOut) <- class(OutputsModels)
  return(OutputsModelsOut)
}

IndPeriod <- RunOptions[[1]]$IndPeriod_Run
IndPeriod <- IndPeriod[IndPeriod <= nrow(Qobs)]
htmltools::tagList(lapply(
  colnames(Qobs),
  function(x) {
    Q2 <- Qobs[IndPeriod, x]
    IndPeriod_Obs <- which(!is.na(Q2))
    OutputsModels <- ReduceOutputsModel(OutputsModels2[[x]], IndPeriod_Obs)
    plot(OutputsModels, Qobs = Q2[IndPeriod_Obs], main = x, which = c("Regime"))
  }
))

#> Warning in plot.OutputsModel(OutputsModels, Qobs = Q2[IndPeriod_Obs], main = x,
#> : zeroes detected in 'Qsim': some plots in the log space will not be created
#> using all time-steps

#> Warning in plot.OutputsModel(OutputsModels, Qobs = Q2[IndPeriod_Obs], main = x,
#> : zeroes detected in 'Qsim': some plots in the log space will not be created
#> using all time-steps

Save data for next vignettes

save(griwrm2, ReduceOutputsModel, file = "_cache/V04.RData")

References

Dehay, F. 2012. “Etude de l’impact du changement climatique sur la gestion des lacs-réservoirs de la Seine.” Other, Diplôme d’ingénieur de l’ENGEES ,Strasbourg. https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02597326.

David Dorchies